Heart disease
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Melatonin supplementation modestly lowers blood sugar and triglycerides in kidney transplant recipientsMelatonin supplementation may be linked to modest improvements in blood sugar control and triglyceride levels in kidney transplant recipients, though the effect on fasting glucose alone was not statistically significant.
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Six-month low-carbohydrate diet shifts circulating fatty acids toward a potentially cardioprotective profile in type 2 diabetesSix months of low-carbohydrate eating may be linked to shifts in circulating fatty acids that are consistent with a potentially cardioprotective profile in adults with type 2 diabetes, despite higher saturated fat intake.
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Urban green space qualities linked to physical activity in older adultsEvidence suggests that the size of parks and quality of walking trails may support activity in older urban residents, but research definitions remain too varied to identify which features are most important.
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A 'Sit Less' program with Fitbit and text messages shows feasibility in cardiometabolic diseaseA text-message and wearable-based program to reduce sitting was feasible and acceptable in people with heart disease or diabetes, and may be associated with modest improvements in blood sugar control, though effects on sedentary time itself remain uncertain.
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Folic acid with resistance training linked to greater muscle gains and better heart biomarkersIn young men, adding folic acid to resistance training may enhance muscle gain and improve certain cardiovascular biomarkers more than training without supplementation, though this remains preliminary evidence.
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Age-friendly city design linked to higher physical activity and self-rated health in older adultsAge-friendly urban features may support physical activity and health in older adults, but current evidence relies too heavily on self-report to draw firm conclusions about effect size or durability.
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Digital app supports physical activity habits in cardiac rehabilitation patientsA digital app with personalized activity planning may help cardiac rehabilitation patients maintain exercise after discharge, though larger trials are needed to confirm benefits.
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Cardiac rehabilitation and spousal support linked to activity levels in heart disease patientsCardiac rehabilitation participation, spousal encouragement, and supportive residential environments appear linked to higher activity levels in coronary heart disease patients, though evidence for policy-level factors remains absent.
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Temporal and routine cues matter most for building exercise habitsExercising at consistent times and incorporating it into your daily routine may be more important for building lasting exercise habits than varying where or with whom you exercise.
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Tailored text messages may improve physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation, but personalization details matter less than expectedText message reminders may help cardiac patients increase activity early in rehabilitation, though which specific customizations work best remains unclear and may vary by individual.
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Village-led balance and exercise program cut falls by 40% in rural older adults with heart diseaseA scalable, village doctor-led program combining balance exercises and health education may reduce falls and injuries among older rural adults with cardiovascular disease.
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Hybrid lifestyle program and metabolic health in adults with obesityA hybrid lifestyle intervention showed metabolic benefits in participants who completed the program, though dropout rates and intention-to-treat analysis raise questions about scalability and real-world effectiveness in resource-limited settings.
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Oat β-glucan, rice bran, and unripe banana flour show modest improvements in glucose and cholesterolDifferent fiber sources may support metabolic health through distinct mechanisms, but the improvements appear modest, and longer, better-designed studies are needed to guide recommendations.
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Family-centered lifestyle intervention linked to substantial 2-year lipid improvementsA family-based approach combining dietary counseling and activity promotion may be linked to meaningful improvements in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels over two years.
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Anthocyanin intake linked to lower cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk in healthy adultsHigher anthocyanin intake may be associated with lower cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk in observational studies, and even modest amounts (≥50 mg/day) appear to improve blood vessel function in healthy people, though effects on blood pressure and glucose control were not demonstrated.
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Culturally adapted resistance exercise intervention shows high adherence in young Black womenSupervised resistance exercise with culturally relevant instruction and peer support may be highly acceptable for young Black women, though maintaining engagement during independent training requires stronger digital tools and accountability systems.
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Pictorial atherosclerosis information linked to better lifestyle adherence over 3 yearsShowing people individualised pictures of subclinical atherosclerosis may help sustain modest improvements in lifestyle choices, though the effect size is modest and long-term clinical benefit remains unclear.
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Exercise improves fitness, blood pressure, and depression in haemodialysis patientsExercise may improve aerobic fitness, lower inflammation, and reduce depression in dialysis patients, but evidence quality is limited and benefits vary by exercise type.
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Community interventions boost physical activity in low- and middle-income countriesCommunity-based programs, especially those using digital platforms or peer leaders, may help adults in resource-limited settings increase physical activity, though the heterogeneity of studies limits firm conclusions about which approach works best.
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Sprint Interval Training Boosts VO2max Equally Whether You Do Few or Many RepetitionsFewer sprints per session appear sufficient to build aerobic fitness, which may reduce physical discomfort and dropout rates while preserving the time-efficiency advantage of SIT.
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Central obesity linked to recurrent heart events in sleep apnea patientsIn adults with sleep apnea and existing heart disease, central body fat distribution (measured by waist-to-height ratio) was more consistently linked to recurrent cardiovascular events than standard BMI categories.
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Telerehabilitation matches traditional cardiac rehab for exercise capacity after heart surgeryTelerehabilitation via mobile or web platforms may be a viable alternative to center-based cardiac rehabilitation for improving exercise capacity and engagement after heart procedures, though traditional risk-factor improvements occur similarly in both settings.
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Cardiac rehabilitation linked to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and hypertensionStructured cardiac rehabilitation may help reduce cardiovascular risk and blood pressure in carefully selected patients with both rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension, without worsening inflammatory disease control.
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Mindfulness combined with cardiopulmonary rehab improves lung function and stress in PAH patientsCombining mindfulness practice with supervised cardiopulmonary exercise may be linked to modest improvements in oxygen transport and psychological well-being in PAH patients, though larger and longer studies are needed to confirm lasting benefit.
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Combined aerobic and resistance training reduces blood pressure in adults with hypertensionCombined aerobic and resistance training may help lower blood pressure in people with hypertension as part of an overall treatment plan, though the magnitude of benefit appears modest and complementary to, not a replacement for, medical management.
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Supervised aerobic exercise improved fitness but not cardiometabolic markers in night-shift nursesSupervised aerobic exercise is feasible and may improve cardiovascular fitness in night-shift nurses, though this small trial did not detect changes in cardiometabolic risk factors or body composition over 12 weeks.
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Purpose in life linked to 30% lower mortality risk across 488,765 peopleHigher sense of purpose in life may be associated with meaningfully lower mortality risk, an association that persists even after accounting for depression and major health behaviors, though the full mechanism remains unclear.
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Combined lifestyle intervention reduces cardiometabolic risk in cancer survivorsCombined lifestyle programs that address diet and exercise together may help cancer survivors manage several cardiometabolic risk factors, though individual gains tend to be small.